Periodic Table Exam Questions (Chapter 2)	

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Time:	131 minutes	
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Q1.This question is about the periodic table.
Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you answer these questions.
(a)     Complete the sentences.
Elements in the periodic table are arranged in order of atomic ...................................... .
The elements in Group .................... are called the noble gases.
(2)

(b)     Calcium (Ca) is in Group 2.
Name one other element in Group 2.
........................................................................................................................
(1)

(c)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
 
(i)
 	 	an alkali metal.	
 	Sodium (Na) is	a non-metal.	
 	 	a transition metal.	

(1)

 
(ii)
 	 	an alkali metal.	
 	Nickel (Ni) is	a non-metal.	
 	 	a transition metal.	

(1)

(d)     In 1869 Mendeleev produced his periodic table.
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table?
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........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)

Q2.          In 1869, a scientist put the 60 known elements into his periodic table.

Photograph © RIA NOVOSTI/
SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
(a)
 	Boyle.
Mendeleev.
Newlands.	
The scientist who put these elements into a periodic table was		

(1)

(b)
 	atomic weight.
boiling point.
electrical conductivity.	
First he put the 60 known elements in order of their		

(1)

(c)
Then he put elements with similar chemical properties in columns, 
known as	groups.
periods.
rows.	

(1)

(d)
His periodic table had gaps for elements that were	uncommon.
undiscovered.
unreactive.	

(1)

(e)     From 1900 onwards, the modern periodic table was produced.
The modern periodic table is an arrangement of elements in terms of
 
their	electronic structures.
neutron numbers.
atomic weights.	

(1)
(Total 5 marks)

 

Q3.Lithium is in Group 1 of the periodic table.
Lithium reacts with water to produce a gas and an alkaline solution.
 
(a)     (i)      Name the gas produced.
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     Which ion causes the solution to be alkaline?
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     Potassium is also in Group 1 of the periodic table.
Potassium reacts with water in a similar way to lithium.
Write down two differences you would see between the reactions of potassium and lithium with water.
1 ......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Q4.The graph shows the boiling points of the halogens.
 
(a)     Use the graph to help you answer these questions.
(i)      Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
 
 	gas	liquid	solid	

At room temperature chlorine is a .................................................. .
(1)

(ii)     Describe the trend in boiling point from fluorine to iodine.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     Chlorine reacts with metals to produce metal chlorides.
(i)      When a chlorine atom forms a chloride ion it gains one electron.
What is the charge on a chloride ion?
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     Write a word equation for the reaction between sodium and chlorine.
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(c)     In the UK water companies add chlorine to tap water.
Why is chlorine added to tap water?
........................................................................................................................
(1)

(d)     Water companies add fluoride to tap water in some parts of the UK.
Fluoride is added to improve dental health.
Suggest one reason why some people are against adding fluoride to tap water.
........................................................................................................................
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(1)
(Total 6 marks)

Q5.          John Newlands was a chemist who worked in a sugar factory.
In 1866 he designed a periodic table.
He arranged the elements in order of their relative atomic masses.
He found a repeating pattern for some of the elements.
Newlands wrote, ‘the eighth element starting from a given one, is a kind of repetition of the first, like the eighth note in an octave of music’.
 
H	Li	G	Bo	C	N	O	
F	Na	Mg	Al	Si	P	S	
Cl	K	Ca	Cr	Ti	Mn	Fe	
Co, Ni	Cu	Zn	Y	In	As	Se	
Br	Rb	Sr	Ce, La	Zr	Di, Mo	Ro, Ru	
Pd	Ag	Cd	U	Sn	Sb	Te	
I	Cs	Ba, V	Ta	W	Nb	Au	
Pt, Ir	Tl	Pb	Th	Hg	Bi	Os	
Newlands’ periodic table	

(a)     In Newlands’ periodic table, the elements lithium, sodium and potassium are grouped together.
Give two properties of these elements which support the idea that they should be grouped together.
1 ......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)

(b)     Newlands’ periodic table was not accepted by most chemists in 1866.
Suggest reasons why.
Use the Newlands’ periodic table above to help you to answer this question.
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(3)

(c)     State and explain one way in which Mendeleev improved Newlands’ periodic table.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)

 

Q6.          Platinum and gold can both be used to make wedding rings.

By Jeff Belmonte from Cuiabá, Brazil (Flickr) [CC-BY-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
Use the Data Sheet to help you to answer these questions.
(a)     Draw a ring around the part of the periodic table in the list below to which platinum and gold belong.
 
group 1	group 2	transition elements	group 7	

(1)

(b)     Platinum and gold have properties that make them suitable for wedding rings.
Tick () two of these properties.
 
Property	Tick ()	
These metals do not react with air.	 
	
These metals have low melting points.	 
	
These metals do not react with water.	 
	
These metals have low densities.	 
	
(2)
(Total 3 marks)

 

Q7.In 1866 John Newlands produced an early version of the periodic table.
Part of Newlands’ periodic table is shown below.
 
 	Column	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	
 	 	H	Li	Be	B	C	N	O	
 	 	F	Na	Mg	Al	Si	P	S	
 	 	Cl	K	Ca	Cr	Ti	Mn	Fe	

Newlands’ periodic table arranged all the known elements into columns in order of their atomic weight.
Newlands was trying to show a pattern by putting the elements into columns.
(a)     Iron (Fe) does not fit the pattern in column 7.
Give a reason why.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     In 1869 Dmitri Mendeleev produced his version of the periodic table.
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps for undiscovered elements in his periodic table?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)

(c)     Newlands and Mendeleev placed the elements in order of atomic weight.
Complete the sentence.
The modern periodic table places the elements in order of
............................................ .
(1)

(d)     Lithium, sodium and potassium are all in Group 1 of the modern periodic table.
Explain why.
........................................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 5 marks)

Q8.This question is about metals.
(a)     Which unreactive metal is found in the Earth as the metal itself?
 
 	Tick () one box.	
 	aluminium		
 	gold		
 	magnesium		

(1)

(b)     Complete the sentence.
Aluminium is an element because aluminium is made of
only one type of ................................................. .
(1)

(c)     Figure 1 shows the electronic structure of an aluminium atom.

(i)      Use the correct words from the box to complete the sentence.
 
 	electrons	ions	protons	neutrons	shells	

The nucleus of an aluminium atom contains ............... and ................. .
(2)

(ii)     Complete the sentence.
In the periodic table, aluminium is in Group .............................. .
(1)

(d)     Aluminium is used for kitchen foil.
Figure 2 shows a symbol on a box of kitchen foil.

The symbol means that aluminium can be recycled. It does not show the correct chemical symbol for aluminium.
(i)      What is the correct chemical symbol for aluminium? ..................... .
(1)

(ii)     Give two reasons why aluminium should be recycled.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)

(e)     Aluminium has a low density, conducts electricity and is resistant to corrosion.
Which one of these properties makes aluminium suitable to use as kitchen foil?
Give a reason for your answer.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q9.The periodic table on the Data Sheet may help you to answer these questions.
Part of the periodic table is shown below.
 
The letters are not the symbols of these elements.
Choose your answers only from the letters shown in the periodic table above.
Which letter, A, B, C, D or E, represents:
(a)     (i)      an alkali metal                  Letter     
(1)

(ii)     a transition element          Letter     
(1)

(iii)    a Group 4 element          Letter     
(1)

(b)     A chemistry teacher demonstrated the reaction between sodium and water to a class of students. One of the students wrote the following notes:
 
 	The reaction between sodium and water	
 	A piece of sodium was cut easily into smaller pieces with a knife.	
 	The sodium was added to some water in a trough.	
 	The sodium:	
 	•    floated	
 	•    melted quickly to give a silvery ball	
 	•    moved on the surface of the water	
 	•    fizzed.	

Use the information in the box to help you answer these questions.
What evidence is there that:
(i)      sodium has a low melting point
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     sodium is soft
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(iii)    a gas was produced?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)

Q10.This question is about the periodic table of elements.
Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you to answer these questions.
In 1869 Dmitri Mendeleev produced an early version of the periodic table.
(a)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
 
(i)      
 
 	Mendeleev first arranged the elements in order of their	atomic weight.
date of discovery.
electron number.	

(1)

 
(ii)     

 	Mendeleev then placed elements with similar properties in columns called	groups.
periods.
shells.	

(1)

(iii)    When the next element did not fit the pattern,
 
 	Mendeleev	ignored the element.
left a gap.
put the element at the end of the row.	

(1)

(iv)    Mendeleev was not able to include the noble gases (Group 0) in his periodic table
 
 	because the noble gases	are not elements.
are not reactive.
had not been discovered by 1869.	

(1)

(b)     Use the correct word from the box to complete each sentence.
 
 	electrons	molecules	neutrons	protons	

In the modern periodic table elements are arranged in order of the number of
........................................... in their nucleus. Elements in the same group have the same
number of ........................................... in their highest energy level (outer shell).
(2)

(c)     Sodium (Na) is in Group 1 of the periodic table.
Nickel (Ni) is a transition element.
Tick () two correct statements about sodium and nickel.
 
 	Statement	Tick ()	
 	Sodium and nickel are both metals.	 	
 	Sodium has a higher melting point than nickel.	 	
 	Sodium is more reactive than nickel.	 	
 	Sodium is harder than nickel.	 	

(2)

(d)     Chlorine, bromine and iodine are in Group 7 of the periodic table.
Chlorine is more reactive than bromine.
(i)      Complete the word equation for the reaction between chlorine and sodium bromide.
            chlorine    +    sodium bromide        .......................    +    sodium chloride
(1)

(ii)     Why does iodine not react with sodium bromide solution?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 10 marks)

Q11.          A teacher demonstrated the reactivity of the halogens to some students.
Halogen vapour was passed over heated iron wool in a fume cupboard.

The teacher’s observations are shown in the table below.
 
 	Observations	
	During the reaction	After the reaction	
Bromine	The iron wool glowed	A red–brown solid had been produced	
Chlorine	The iron wool glowed	A dark brown solid had been produced	
Iodine	The iron wool did not glow	A black solid had been produced	

(a)     From these observations what conclusion can be made about the order of reactivity of the three halogens?
Explain your conclusion.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
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(2)

(b)     In terms of electronic structures, explain why iodine is less reactive than bromine.
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(3)
(Total 5 marks)

 

Q12.This question is about the halogens (Group 7).
(a)     How do the boiling points of the halogens change down the group from fluorine to iodine?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     Sodium bromide is produced by reacting sodium with bromine.
Sodium bromide is an ionic compound.
(i)      Write down the symbols of the two ions in sodium bromide.
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     Chlorine reacts with sodium bromide solution to produce bromine and one other product.
Complete the word equation for the reaction.
chlorine   +   sodium bromide      bromine   +   ............................
(1)

(iii)    Why does chlorine displace bromine from sodium bromide?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(iv)    Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you to answer this question.
Suggest which halogen could react with sodium chloride solution to produce chlorine.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)

Q13.Some theories suggest that the Earth’s early atmosphere was the same as Mars’ atmosphere today.
The table below shows the percentage of four gases in the atmosphere of Mars today and the atmosphere of Earth today.
 
 	Gases	The atmosphere of	
 		Mars today	Earth today	
 	Carbon dioxide	95.00%	0.04%	
 	Nitrogen	  3.50%	78.00%	
 	Argon	1.00%	0.96%	
 	Oxygen	0.50%	21.00%	

(a)     Which one of the gases in the table is a noble gas?
........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
 
 	(i)	Noble gases are in Group	0
1
7	

(1)

 
 	(ii)	Noble gases are	slightly reactive.
unreactive.
very reactive.	

(1)

(c)     The percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s early atmosphere was 95.00%.
It is 0.04% in the Earth’s atmosphere today.
(i)      Calculate the decrease in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Decrease in percentage = ..............................%
(1)

(ii)     Give two reasons for this decrease.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)

Q14.In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev produced his periodic table of the elements.
Mendeleev placed the alkali metals in the same group.
(a)     What evidence did Mendeleev use to decide that the alkali metals should be in the same group?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     Describe how the elements in the modern periodic table are arranged:
(i)      in terms of protons
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     in terms of electrons.
...............................................................................................................
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(1)

(c)     State two properties of transition elements that make them more useful than alkali metals for making water pipes.
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(2)

(d)     Describe and explain the trend in reactivity of the alkali metals (Group 1).
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(4)
(Total 9 marks)

Q15.          The periodic table on the Data Sheet may help you answer these questions.
(a)     Many chemists have contributed to the development of the periodic table.

John Newlands was one of the first chemists who attempted to classify elements in
a systematic way based on atomic weight. In 1866 he suggested that there was a
repeating pattern of elements with similar properties every eighth element.
Part of Newlands’ periodic table is shown below.	
 
H	
Li	
Be	
B	
C	
N	
O	

F	
Na	
Mg	
Al	
Si	
P	
S	

Cl	
K	
Ca	
Cr	
Ti	
Mn	
Fe	

Co, Ni	
Cu	
Zn	
Y	
In	
As	
Se	

Br	
Rb	
Sr	
Ce, La	
Zr	
Di, Mo	
Ro, Ru	

Many chemists in 1866 did not accept NewlandǓ periodic table.	

                                                                                By Conget at nl.wikipedia [Public domain], from Wikimedia Commons
(i)      Give one piece of evidence which supports Newlands’ ideas.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     Suggest two reasons why many chemists in 1866 did not accept Newlands’ ideas.
1 ............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)

(b)     Chlorine, bromine and iodine are Group 7 elements.
A student investigated the reactivity of these elements.
The student added:
•        aqueous chlorine to potassium bromide and potassium iodide solutions
•        aqueous bromine to potassium chloride and potassium iodide solutions
•        aqueous iodine to potassium chloride and potassium bromide solutions.
The student’s results are shown below.
 
Solution	Potassium chloride	Potassium bromide	Potassium iodide	
Chlorine	 	Solution turned
orange-brown	Solution turned
brown	
Bromine	No reaction	 	Solution turned
brown	
Iodine	No reaction	No reaction	 	

(i)      Use these results to state and explain the trend in reactivity of these Group 7 elements.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)

(ii)     Complete the equation below, which represents the reaction between chlorine and potassium bromide.
 
Cl2	+	2KBr		........	+	2KCl	

(1)

(iii)    In terms of electronic structure, state why chlorine, bromine and iodine are in Group 7.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(c)     Lithium, sodium and potassium are Group 1 elements.
Group 1 elements become more reactive down the group.
Explain why in terms of electronic structure.
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(3)
(Total 10 marks)

 

Q16.          Platinum and gold are transition elements. They can both be used to make wedding rings.

By Jeff Belmonte from Cuiabá, Brazil (Flickr) [CC-BY-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
(a)     Platinum and gold are good materials for making wedding rings.
Use your knowledge of the properties of transition elements to suggest why.
........................................................................................................................
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........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)

(b)     Explain, in terms of electronic structure, why transition elements have similar chemical properties.
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(2)
(Total 4 marks)

 

Q17.          In 1999 scientists at the University of Berkeley claimed to have discovered the element Ununhexium.
          The electron arrangement of this element is thought to be as shown in the diagram below.

(a)     Which group of the periodic table should this element be placed in?
Group .............................
(1)

(b)     Give a reason for your answer.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 2 marks)

 

﻿
Q18.          Read the information about protecting the bottoms of ships.
 
A Copper-bottomed Investment	
 	
From the 16th to the 19th century, the bottoms of many wooden ships were protected
from marine organisms by being covered with sheets of metal. 	
At first lead was used on the bottoms of ships, then copper was used until 1832
when Muntz Metal replaced it. Muntz Metal is an alloy of two transition metals,
copper and zinc.	
Table of data 	

Lead	
Copper	
Muntz Metal	

Cost (£/kg)	
£1.20	
£3.20	
£2.30	

Melting point (°C)	
327	
1083	
904	

Stops sea worms attacking wood	
Yes	
Yes	
Yes	

Stops barnacles and seaweed
sticking to the bottom of the ship	
No	
Yes	
Yes	

	

(a)     Use the information to answer the following questions.
(i)      Suggest why copper replaced lead.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     Suggest why Muntz Metal replaced copper.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     A sample of Muntz Metal contains a very small amount of iron as an impurity.
(i)      Name an instrumental method of analysis that could be used to detect iron.
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     Suggest why an instrumental method would detect the iron in this sample of Muntz Metal but a chemical method is not likely to be successful.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(c)     Today, ships are made from steel. Steels are alloys of iron, a transition metal.
Give two properties of transition metals that make them suitable for making ships.
Property 1 ......................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Property 2 ......................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)

 

Q19.A student was investigating the reaction of lithium and water.
She added a few drops of universal indicator to water in a trough and added a piece of lithium.

The word equation for the reaction is:
lithium + water        lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
(a)     (i)      The lithium floated on the water.
State two other observations that the student would see during the reaction.
1 ............................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................
(2)

(ii)     Balance the symbol equation for the reaction of lithium and water.
2 Li(s)  +  .......... H2O(l)      ..........  LiOH(aq)  +  H2(g)
(2)

(iii)    Describe a simple test and the result that would show the gas was hydrogen.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(iv)     All Group 1 metals have similar reactions with water.
State why, in terms of electronic structure.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     Lithium and other Group 1 metals have different properties from the transition metals.
Tick (✔) two properties that are properties of Group 1 metals.
 	They react with oxygen.		
 	They form coloured compounds.		
 	They are strong and hard.		
 	They have low melting points.		

(2)

(c)     The electronic structure of a potassium atom is 2, 8, 8, 1
(i)      Draw a diagram to show the electronic structure of a potassium ion.
Show the charge on the potassium ion.

 

 
 
(2)

(ii)     Potassium is more reactive than sodium.
Explain why, in terms of electronic structure.
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(3)
(Total 13 marks)

Q20.          The periodic table was developed over about 200 years.
In 1869, a Russian scientist, Dimitri Mendeleev, arranged the 60 known elements into his periodic table.
Mendeleev put the elements in order of their increasing atomic weights.
Then he put elements with similar chemical properties in the same columns.
He left gaps in his periodic table.
The modern periodic table on the Data Sheet may help you to answer these questions.

(a)     Mendeleev’s periodic table was produced without any knowledge of the atomic structure of elements.
State why Mendeleev left gaps in his periodic table.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     The modern periodic table was produced with knowledge of the atomic structure of elements.
The modern periodic table is an arrangement of the elements in terms of their atomic structures.
Explain how.
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(3)
(Total 4 marks)

 

Q21.The diagram shows the chemical symbols of five elements in the periodic table.

(a)     Choose the correct chemical symbol to complete each sentence.
(i)      The element that is an alkali metal is ......................... .
(1)
(ii)     The element that is a transition metal is ......................... .
(1)
(iii)    The element in Group 4 is ......................... .
(1)
(iv)    The element with a full outer energy level (shell) of electrons is
......................... .
(1)
(b)     Which other element goes in the shaded box?
..............................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)